We are pleased to announce that the 2nd Edition of our manual is available as of September 2024. Here is a detailed comparison of what has been updated. The CSTAG manual is available on Amazon. Or purchase it directly from us with a purchase order emailed to Lindsay@schoolta.com. With a direct purchase, the manuals are $50 each, which includes shipping and handling. A 10% discount is available for purchases of 20+. Discounts available for those replacing the 1st edition.

Comprehensive School Threat Assessment Guidelines

One of the strengths of the Comprehensive School Threat Assessment Guidelines is the use of a practical, step-by -step manual to help teams conduct assessments, resolve simple cases easily and develop safety plans for more serious cases. The 2nd edition of the CSTAG manual has grown from 156 to 184 pages. This manual was based on substantial research, field-testing, and input from CSTAG users as well as experts in violence prevention. Now with 13 chapters, this manual explains the rationale for threat assessment, how the team functions, and what steps to follow in conducting an assessment. A key feature of the manual is a 5-step decision tree that allows teams to resolve most non-serious, transient threats in 2 steps and then reserves more extensive assessment and intervention for more serious, substantive threats.

The 2nd edition adds a new chapter on student rights and explains how school threat assessment can be conducted as a safe, effective, and equitable practice. There is extensive coverage of student confidentiality, special education, liability, and the role of law enforcement. There are chapters on interviewing students about a threat of violence and the development of a comprehensive safety plan in very serious substantive cases. There are updated chapters on the main pathways to violence, the assessment of adults, and intervention strategies to help students and prevent their concerns from escalating into violence. There is new guidance on fidelity of implementation and evaluating the effectiveness of your threat assessment program. A new chapter gives a non-technical summary of the extensive research on CSTAG and new evidence from more than 23,000 cases.

The manual includes helpful forms for carrying out and documenting a threat assessment and initiating behavior support plans. All forms are freely available for copying and can be downloaded from this website.

Read kudos for the Original manual from leading experts and practitioners by clicking here.

A key feature of the manual is a 5-step decision tree that allows teams to resolve most non-serious, transient threats in 2 steps and then reserves more extensive assessment and intervention for more serious, substantive threats. The forms used for this model are freely available to you here.

A threat assessment begins when a threat is reported to the principal or any other member of the school's threat assessment team. The assessment begins with a triage process to determine whether the threat can be quickly and easily resolved as a transient threat that does not pose a serious threat of violence (most cases) or will require more extensive assessment and intervention as a substantive threat. Transient threats are often statements that do not express a serious intent to harm someone, and can range from joking comments to momentary expressions of frustration. Transient threats are usually resolved when a student calms down and apologizes. The manual contains a chapter on transient threats with numerous examples of how these kinds of cases are resolved. Equally important, we have extensive research showing that these cases ARE resolved without violence and without disciplinary over-reaction to the student's misbehavior.

Substantive threats are by definition threats where there is a serious intent to harm someone. Substantive threats are divided into serious substantive threats involving a fight or assault and very serious substantive threats that involve a threat to kill, rape, or use a weapon to inflict severe injury. In cases of very serious substantive threats, the team will want to conduct a mental health assessment of the student and consult with law enforcement. Fewer than 10% of threats rise to this level. The manual spells out the kinds of protective actions that schools should take, including the notification of threatened individuals. There is also a detailed description of how a safety plan can be formulated, documented, and implemented to prevent violence. The manual includes numerous case examples and explains the actions that school teams should consider. Our research shows that school teams can reliably distinguish substantive threats from transient threats and take appropriate action to prevent violence from taking place.